?人教版八年级下册unit2重点短语+section A+B+语法

【短语归纳】
在…岁at the age of
同时at the same time
一个强烈的满足感a strong feeling of satisfaction
为…发愁be worried about
与…相似be similar to
对…感到兴奋be excited about
清洁、打扫clean up
使振奋、高兴cheer up
提出，相出come up with
打电话call up
照顾，照料care for/look after/take care of
残疾人disabled people
修理、装饰fix up
分发、散发give/ hand out
捐赠、赠送give away
帮助某人摆脱困境help sb. Out
对…有影响/作用make a difference to
推迟put off
张贴；搭建put up
为…而筹钱raise money for
用光，用尽run out (of)
建立；设立set up
参与选拔；试用try out
（外貌/行为）像…take after
过去、曾经used to
志愿去做某事volunteer to do
【section A考点归纳】
She could read by herself at the age of four.
at the age of表示“在……岁时”，表示年龄。
He started school at the age of six.
I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.
at the same time意为“同时”。
You can’t do your homework and watch TV at the same time.
你不能同时写作业和看电视。
We should listen to them and care for them. (P. 10)
care for意为“照顾、照料”，后接名词或者代词作宾语
相当于look after或者take care of。
She looks after her younger brother after school every day.
她每天放学后照顾她的弟弟。
We need to come up with a plan for the City park Clean-Up Day.
come up with表示“相出、提出（主意或者想法）”。
Maybe he’ll come up with a good idea.或许他会提出一个好的主意。
The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.
cheer up意为“使开心, 使振作、振奋”，代词用作宾语时，要当在cheer和up之间。
Cheer up! Everything will be OK.
The boy could give out food at the food bank.
give out意为“分发、散发”，相当于hand out。
There are some books,please give them out to the students.
这有一些书。请把它们分发给同学们。
ou could help to clean up the city parks.
(1) ① help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事
Could you please help me with my homework?
你能在家庭作业方面帮助我吗？
② help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
He often helps her mom do housework.他常常帮助他妈妈做家务。
(2)clean up意为“打扫干净”
Nancy, please clean up your room.
Oh, what did they ask you to help out with?
help out意为“帮忙分担、帮某人摆脱困境”。
Bill helped me out when I was in trouble.
Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.
lonely作形容词表示“孤独的、荒凉的、偏僻的”；
alone既可以作形容词也可以作副词，作形容词时只能作表语，不能作定语。
He feels lonely at home himself.
His grandfather was alone.
Mr. Smith lives alone.
I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy class="t_table" style="width:98%">also放在句中行为动词前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后。He also wants to go.too用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开。He wants to go, too.as well用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗号隔开。He wants to go as well.either用于否定句句末，句前不用逗号隔开。He doesn’t want to go either They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.辨析： used to do sth；be used to do sth；与 be /get used to doing sth

used to do sth.	过去常常做某事	记忆口诀：used to do      常常过；          be used to do    被用做；          be used to doing  习惯做
be used to do sth.	被用来做某事
be /get used to doing sth.	习惯于做某事

The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids.volunteer用作动词，表示“义务做、自愿做”，后接不定式作宾语volunteer to do sth.“志愿做某事”；作名词，表示“志愿者”，为可数名词。Tom volunteered to help us.【section B考点归纳】After six months of training with a dog at Animal Helpers, I was able to bring him home.be able to意为“能，会”，表示能力，与can同义。In the future, students will be able to study at home with the help of computers.【拓展】辨析：be able to与canbe able to强调通过努力而获得的能力can强调自身已具有的能力。She can sing the song in English.He will be able to sing this song in English, too.I can’t use my arms or legs well, so normal things like answering the telephone, opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me.  bring表示“带来”，强调从别的地方带到说话的地方，常与副词here连用；take表示“带走”，强调从说话的地方带去别的地方，常与副词there连用；carry表示“搬、抬”，没有方向性。The students brought their homework to school in the morning and take them home after school.学生早上把作业带来学校，放学后带作业回家。I fixed it up.fix up意为“修理”，代词作宾语时，放在fix和up中间。My computer doesn’t work. Can you fix it up for me?I gave it away.give away意为“捐赠、赠送”，还可以表示“泄露（秘密）”。My younger sister gave her clothes away to the poor kids.我的妹妹把她的衣服捐赠给了穷孩子们。Or imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily.imagine表示“想象”时，后常接动名词或者从句作宾语。You can’t imagine how fast the player ran.I didn’t keep it.① keep sth. 保留某物You can keep the book until the next weekend.② keep doing sth. 一直做某事The thief still kept stealing things after he went out of the prison（监狱）.③ keep+adj. 保持……The girl eats a little to keep slim（苗条的）.④ keep sb./sth.+adj./介词短语 保持某人/某物……We should keep the window open while we are asleep.⑤ keep sb. doing sth. 保持某人做某事The mother kept the baby crying on the bed.You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.有些动词后面接复合宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语则由动词不定式来担当，并位于宾语补足语之后。常见的这样的动词有find，think，feel，make等。I find it interesting to play computer gamesWe all think it very difficult to finish the work in an hour.Lucky makes a big difference to my life.make a difference to意为“对…有影响、对…起作用”，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。Changing schools made a difference to my life.The rain made no difference to the game.I’m similar to her. (P. 13)be similar to意为“与……相似”，be similar in“在……方面类似”。Her ideas are similar to mine.The twins are similar in appearances.She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained dog.  train用作及物动词，表示“训练、培训”train sb./sth. to do sth.“训练某人/某物做某事”。They train the dogs to open the door.I take after my mother.take after意为“长得像”。Mary takes after her dad.Mary长得像她爸爸.Who wrote the letter to Miss Li? (P. 14)write a letter to sb.=write sb. a letter=write to sb. “给某人写信”She’s writing to her parents.她正在给她父母写信。
语法归纳】
动词不定式
一、作主语
为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。
常用句型：
It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth.
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
二、作宾语
动词agree (同意)；offer (提出)；intend， plan (打算，计划)；demand， ask (要求)；promise (答应)；help (帮忙)；prepare (准备)；decide (决定)；refuse (拒绝)；dare (敢于)；choose (选择)；wish，hope，want， expect (希望，想要)；fail ；（不能；忘记）；pretend (假装)；manage (设法)；determine （决心）常接动词不定式作宾语。
【记忆口诀】
同意提出做计划， 要求答应来帮忙。
准备决定遭拒绝， 敢于选择有希望。
不能做到莫假装， 设法做成决心强。
三、作（后置）定语
“have/has＋sth.＋to do”或“enough＋名＋to do” “It’s time to do sth.” 等结构。
四、动词不定式作状语
主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。
为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了，目的是”。
常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。
五、作宾语补足语
tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，
构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。
【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：
“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，
四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)”。
六、固定句式中动词不定式的用法 常见的形式有：
had better (not) do sth.最好（不）做…
Would you like to do sth.?你想做…？
Why not do sth.?    为什么不做…?
Would you please (not) do sth.?请你（不）做….好吗？