【重点短语】
同意做某事agree to do sth.
对…感兴趣be interested in
习惯于做某事be used to doing sth
由于/因为+n./pron.because of
准备/乐于做某事be ready to do
掌控，管理be in control of
切除cut off
期待某人去做某事expect sb. to do
下车get off
拍X光片get an X-ray
陷入困境；惹麻烦get into trouble
离开；从..出来get out of
放弃give up
患感冒 have a cold
胃痛 have a stomachache
喉咙痛have a sore throat
背痛have a sore back
做某事有问题/麻烦/困难have problems/trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth
及时in time
处于险境in a dangerous situation
处于困境in a difficult situation
继续做某事keep class="t_table" style="width:491px">
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 现在分词 |
| lie（躺、位于） | lay | lain | lying |
| lie（撒谎） | lied | lied | lying |
| lay（放置、下蛋） | laid | laid | laying |
| 记忆口诀：规则撒谎，不规则躺；躺过下蛋，下蛋不规则。 |
(2). rest此处用作动词，表示“休息”，rest也可以用作名词，表示“休息”常用的短语为 “休息”：have a restLet’s stop working and have a rest.....when the driver saw an old man lying class="t_table" style="width:98%">
| used to do sth. | 过去常常做某事 | used to do 常常过；be used to do 被用做；be used to doing 习惯做 |
| be used to do sth. | 被用来做某事 |
| be /get used to doing sth. | 习惯于做某事 |
The boy used to play computer games.More and more wood（木材） is used to make paper.His father is used to watching TV before going to bed.(3) risk表示“冒险时”，既可以作名词，也可以作动词，作名词常和动词take连用，take a risk“冒险”；作动词时，后接动名词作宾语。The fireman took the risk of losing his life and saved the boy from the burning building.There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents.because of意为“因为，由于”，后跟名词短语。在句中常和because引导的原因状语从句连用，不过because后面跟句子。We can’t go out because it rains heavily.=We can’t go out because of the heavy rain.—Did you have a sports meeting yesterday?—No, we didn’t. It was put off because of the heavy rain.After losing his arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place.called此处为动词的过去分词作定语，意为“被称为、被叫作”，与named同义。This is a book named/called Journey to the West.The Greens have a daughter named/called Kate.In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in control of one’s life.(1)make a decision或者make decisions表示“做出决定”。They are expecting you to make a decision.他们期待你来做出决定。(2)in control of意为“控制、管理”。Who is in control of the project (项目)?(3). the importance of sth/doing sth. （做）某事的重要性Most students don’t know the importance of studying hard.Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today.give up表示“放弃”，后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。Don't give up your dream easily.He has given up playing computer games.have problems breathinghave problems (in) doing sth. 意为“做某事有问题/麻烦”，相当于：have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.。She has problems (in) riding a bike.Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t mind taking risks.① mind doing sth. 介意做某事Would you mind opening the window please?② mind sb’s/sb doing sth. 介意某人做某事Do you mind my/me calling you at night?He was not ready to die that day.① be/get ready for sth.“为……做准备”The students are reviewing (复习) lessons to get ready for the coming final exams.② be/get ready to do sth.“准备做某事、乐意做某事”The kind girl is ready to help anyone in trouble.But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. (1)run out意为“用尽、用完”，后接宾语时，需要加上介词of。They ran out of their money.(2) 动词不定式短语to save his own life在句子作目的状语。动词不定式构成的目的状语可位于句首，用逗号与主句隔开，也可以位于谓语动词之后。To learn Japanese, she went to Japan.You should work hard to get good grades.Someone felt sick.sick用作形容词，意为“生病的、有病的”，可以作定语或者表语，而ill表示“生病的”，只能用作表语。I have to look after my sick grandpa. sick在此处作定语。The old woman is seriously sick/ill. ill在此处作表语。Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood.(1) so that引导目的状语从句，用以说明主句动作的目的，可以与in order that互换，从句经常会出现表示“能够的情态动词”，如can, could, may, might, will, would等。We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could find a good job in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time.(2) too much用来修饰不可数名词或者动词，much too用来修饰形容词或者副词。There is too much pollution today.The doctor asked him to lose weight because he was much too fat.His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.(1) 在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.Grandmother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.(2). keep on doing sth.意为“继续做某事”，强调继续或者重复做某事。You shouldn’t keep on thinking about it.This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of.seem用作系动词，表示“似乎、好像”，常用的结构有：seem+adj./to be/that+句子。The story seems true.What he said seemed to be a lie.It seems that they are going to work all weekend.
语法归纳】
（一）should和shouldn't表示建议
1．Should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldn’t，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。
You should drink hot water with honey.你应该喝加有蜂蜜的热水。
You shouldn’t watch TV.你不应该看电视。
2．Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。
Should we tell her this?我们应该告诉她这件事吗？
【拓展】
在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。
主要结构有：
①Would you like (to do) sth．？你想要／愿意（做）某事吗？
Would you like to play basketball with me?你想要和我一起打篮球吗？
②Shall I/we do sth ?我／我们做??好吗？
Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明天我们去动物园，好吗？
③Why not do sth ?为什么不呢？
Why not take her temperature？为什么不给她量下体温呢？
④How/What about doing sth ? 做某事怎么样？
How about go swimming?去游泳怎么样？
⑤Let’s do sth让我们做吧。
Let’s go home.咱们回家吧。
⑥You’d better (not) do sth你最好（不）要做某事。
You’d better not go there alone.你最好不要独自去那儿。
（二）反身代词
1．反身代词可以用作一些动词(短语)或介词的宾语，此时，句子的主语和宾语必须同一个人或物。
如：
(1). We must look after ourselves and keep fit．
我们必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。
(2). She often buys herself nice clothes．她经常为自己买漂亮的衣服。
(3). Don’t think too much of yourself!别过多地为自己考虑!
2．反身代词在句中还可以用作主语或宾语的同位语，用来加强语气，表示“亲自、本人、本身”等意思。但反身代词在句中不能单独作主语。
如：
(1). I don’t need any help．I can do it myself．
我不需要帮助，我自己能做。(主语的同位语)
这句话不可表示成I don’t need any help，myself can do it．
(2). If you want to know more，you may ask Miss White herself．
如果你想了解更多情况，你可以问一问怀特小姐本人。(宾语的同位语)
3．反身代词在句中还可以用作连系动词的表语。
如：
(1). The little boy in the photo was himself．
照片中的那个小男孩就是他自己。
反身代词构成的固定表达：
1.★by oneself意为“独自，凭自己”，相当于alone；
enjoy oneself意为“玩得高兴，过得愉快”，相当于have fun或have a good/great/wonderful time；
help oneself to…意为“随便吃或喝点……，随便用……"；
keep…to oneself意为“不将某事说出去”；
say to oneself意为“自言自语”。
（三）have表示“患病、遭受（病痛）”
(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：
What’s the matter (with sb．)?（某人）怎么了？
What’s wrong (with sb．)?（某人）怎么了？
What’s the trouble (with sb．)?（某人）出什么事了？
What happened (to sb．)?（某人）发生了什么事？
Are you OK? 你没事吧？
Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有什么事吗？
(2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：
①某人+have/has+病症．
The twins have colds．双胞胎感冒了。
Sb.+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.
She had a stomachache last night．她昨晚肚子痛。
③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位．
He has a sore throat．他喉咙痛。
④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词．
He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。
⑤某部位+hurt(s).
My head hurts badly．我头痛得厉害。
⑥[拓展]某人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位，
I have a pain in my chest．我胸口痛。
⑦(There is)something wrong with one’s+身体部位．
There is something wrong with my right eye. 我的右眼有毛病。
